PCOS
What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterised by irregular or absent periods, excess androgen levels (male hormones) and polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound. While the exact cause is unknown, PCOS affects not only reproductive health but also metabolism, skin and emotional well-being.
Signs & Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms of PCOS can vary, but common signs include:
- Irregular or missed period
- Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
- Acne or oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss from the scalp
- Difficulty in conceiving (infertility) Some women may also experience mood swings, fatigue and darkened skin patches (especially on the neck or underarms).
Causes of PCOS
The exact cause of PCOS is unclear, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Key contributors include:
- Insulin resistance: High insulin levels can lead to increased androgen production.
- Hormonal imbalance: Elevated levels of androgens disrupt the ovulation process.
- Family history: A genetic tendency can increase your risk of developing PCOS.
Diagnosis of PCOS
PCOS is diagnosed based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to assess hormone levels and pelvic ultrasound to check for enlarged ovaries with multiple follicles. There is no single test for PCOS; it is diagnosed by ruling out other possible causes.
Treatment and Management of PCOS
While there is no cure for PCOS, its symptoms can be effectively managed. Treatment is personalised based on your symptoms and fertility goals. Options include:
- Lifestyle changes: Weight management through a healthy diet and exercise can significantly improve symptoms.
- Medications: Birth control pills to regulate periods, anti-androgens for hair and skin concerns, or insulin-sensitising drugs like metformin.
- Fertility support: Ovulation induction and other fertility treatments may be recommended if you’re trying to conceive.
With early diagnosis and tailored care, PCOS can be managed effectively to improve both reproductive and overall health.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - PCOS
1. Can PCOS be cured permanently?
PCOS cannot be cured, but with proper medical care and lifestyle changes, its symptoms can be effectively managed for the long term.
2. Does having PCOS mean I can’t get pregnant?
Not necessarily. Many women with PCOS can conceive with lifestyle changes or fertility treatments. Early evaluation and timely support can improve fertility outcomes.
3. What is the best age to test for PCOS?
PCOS is often diagnosed in late teens or early 20s when menstrual irregularities or skin/hair changes become noticeable. However, it can be diagnosed at any age after puberty.
4. Is weight gain always associated with PCOS?
Weight gain is common but not universal. Lean women can also have PCOS. Regardless of weight, hormonal imbalance is the core issue.
5. Can PCOS go away after menopause?
While periods stop after menopause, hormonal imbalances may still persist. Some symptoms like unwanted hair or insulin resistance can continue and may still require treatment.